Determining Density
The density of a mineral specimen is its mass or weight divided by
its volume. It is usually expressed in grams per milliliter, or grams
per cubic centimeter (1 cubic centimeter = 1 milliliter). A given
mineral's density is constant, and does not depend on the size of the
specimen.
Materials needed
- Mineral specimen that is not water soluble (don't try this
with Halite!)
- Balance
- Graduated cylinder with a mouth wide enough to swallow the
specimen
Procedure
- Weigh the dry specimen on the balance. Your result will
not be accurate if the specimen is wet (why not?). Record the
weight in grams.
- Fill the graduated cyclinder about half full of water. Make
sure the lowest level of the water (the meniscus) is right at an
even volume (e.g., 30 ml). Record the water level in milliliters.
- Drop the mineral specimen into the graduated cylinder.
Careful! Try to slide it in gradually, so that it will not hit the
bottom of the cylinder with a shock and shatter the cylinder.
Also, your results will not be accurate if any of the water
splashes out. Record the new water level in milliliters.
- The volume of the mineral specimen is equal to the difference
in water levels. Subtract step 2 from step 3.
- Calculate the density in grams per milliliters by dividing
step 1 by step 4.
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Densities of some common minerals
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Calcite = 2.71
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Feldspar (microcline) = 2.54 - 2.57
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Galena = 7.4 - 7.6
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Graphite = 2.23
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Muscovite = 2.76 - 2.88
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Pyrite = 5.02
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Quartz = 2.6 - 2.65
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Hematite = 5.26
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